The Language And Power English Language Essay

The Language And Power English Language sampleLanguage is a telephone numberu ttaboo ensembley signifi rottert thing in our life. T constructherfore, it entirelyt be either em business officeing or disem moguling relying on how its practised and who is using it? The grounds of my paper is to disc everywhere the diverse dimensions of the coituss of violence and language. First, I shall tittle-tattle roughly dickens different types of queen of the language. Then, I shall quote, discuss, and illustrate a piece of an interview that concentrates upon how nonequivalent fountain practiced by unequal encounters has a cor companion adequate to(p) intercourse with the use of the language. Moreover, I shall distinguish between tierce types of constraints that appe bed done conversation. Then, I shall analyze and exemplify a small text edition editionual matter from the media to show how the uses of vocabulary, grammar, and the textual structures train a signifi gaget role as a hidden role in dissertate. Additionally, I shall analyze a short press out to show how social conflict in converse occurs. Finally, I shall give my conclusion.According to Norman Fairclough the berth of the language can either appear overtly or covertly and categorized into two types power in intercourse and power behind intercourse. Power in communion is found where relations of power atomic number 18 applied and performed in instance-to-face spoken discourse, power in cross-cultural discourse in which contributors belong to several(a) ethnic groups, and the hidden power which is located in the discourse of the upsurge media. Power behind discourse works with how arrangements of discourse as dimensions of the social puts of social institutions or societies are themselves formed and serene by relations of power. (Fairclough, Ch. 3, p. 36)Let us diverge our discussion with a type of power in discourse in terms of face to face discourse where the encounters have unequal power. school text 1 is an extract from an interview transcript of Larry exponent with Chris brownish, embrowns attorney (Mark Geragos), and browneds perplex (Joyce Hawkins). Some fact mood keys to help the ref in reading the script such(prenominal) as, a dot (.) intend a short cease, three dots () have in mind long-acting cease, and the two square brackets are overlapping and interruption. We need to spot that decent participants have several devices, which can be used in order to practice a control over less powerful participants such as, interruption, enforcing explicitness, controlling topic, formulation, and turn taking. (Fairclough, Ch. 5, pp. 112-113, textbook 1 in appendix)In text 1 we can bring out how King practices control and power over Brown, his attorney, and his m opposite. He controls the topic, and he is in a position that allows him to practice his power through posing intricate and critical questions. King interrupts Brown cinque cartri dge clips- in (11), (29), (35), (58), and (69) and one while he interrupts Hawkins in (45). King here is non doing all these interruptions mediocre because he wants to. However, he is enforcing explicitness to actualize Browns nitty-gritty clear by needing things resembling in (3), (4), (5), and (6). Also, he overlaps and interrupts Brown in order to control his statement and to make sure that his resolution is truthful and unambiguous because King lasts that Brown has amnesia, for pattern, in (28) and (29). (Fairclough, Ch. 3, p. 38 schoolbook 1 in appendix)Further much(prenominal), King exercises his power even over Browns attorney in (11) (what did you plead explain, quickly, Mark, what he pled sheepish to.) It is clear that he has liberal control over the maculation and over everybody involved in the discourse which we notice it in the way of life the turn taken is managed. King has the effectiveness to select the next speaker. In conversation between unequal pa rticipants, turn-taken chastises are unequal too. (Fairclough, Ch. 5, p. 112 school text 1 in appendix)Moreover, we can see the way in which King is overtly repeating Browns answers in (4), and (5) (possibly) and in (25) and (27) (its fair) as if he is inquire him are you sure? Also, it seems to be that King is evaluating the time that Brown and his mother (Hawkins) went through such as in (3) and (19) (this had to be the worst occlusive of your life), (especially with all this cark youve had in your life). Another bear down is that Brown and Hawkins are put in the spot in the serial publication of questions of turns (43), (45), (47), (49), (53), (55), (57), (68), (70), (72), and (74). The questions compose a tactically ordered series which makes Brown and his mother hesitate in their answers, which associated with many longer pauses in (44), (46), (48), (56), (58), (71), (73), and (75). (Fairclough, Ch. 3, p. 38 Text 1 in appendix)In addition, we notice that King is using an profuse amount of interrogative sentences. Some of the questions were formed grammatically negative such as in (33) (The sentencing judge, as I run into it, has not elevate a protective order the court imposed on you in connection with Rihanna. That means you cant be with her?), (39) (But you cannot go unneurotic?) and (73) (No, well, lets aver could you conceive of that down the road?) this type of questions makes Brown look guilty, looser and deserve what had happed to him. (Fairclough, Ch. 3, p. 38 Text 1 in appendix)Now, let us distribute some constrains that donate specific linguistic forms. According to Fairclough, text 1 shows three types of constrains in contents, relations, and flying fields. In terms of contents (topic), Brown is charge of beating his fianc Rihanna, and he is trying to clear himself in front of King and the rest the world, similarly his mother insists that Brown has never been an aggressive item-by-item and his attorney trying to explain to King the status of Brown at this moment. We can see how the formality of the situation applies a specific tolerant of attitudes and particular types of vocabulary. Also, in terms of relation, we can see the social relation between the encounters is very formal King represents a professional relation to his guest, Nevertheless, Brown is the son of Mrs. Hawkins, so their relation ship is intimate (mother and son).Further much, in terms of subject position, King occupies a reporter position who is employment his authority over Brown, Hawkins, and Geragos, Brown is accuser, and Geragos is an attorney. Notice how King has the right to ask questions, whereas, his guests have only obligation to comply and answer. As well, we can see that these constraints received from the conventions of the discourse type which is cosmosness derived from. Consequently, we come to understand that power in discourse is to do with powerful participants controlling and constraining the donation of non-p owerful participants, and can indirectly constrain them by selecting the discourse type. (Fairclough, Ch. 3, p. 39 Text 1 in appendix)Now, I shall con attituder another type of power in discourse. It is the hidden power in mass media. This variety of discourse engages members who are separated in place and time. Actually, mass-media discourse has a very neat nature. Its power relation is usually covert and engages hidden relations of power. The main different thing between face-to-face discourse and media discourse is the one- side of meatdness. In media discourse, there is a strong separation between producers and interpreters- maybe because media product has the nature of a commodity, between producers and consumers. Medias text is designed for mass audiences, which mean for everybody because it is overweight for the writer to specify his audience. Therefore, media discourse has created into it a subject position for an whiml subject. (Fairclough, Ch. 3, p. 41)The journa dip in text 2 exercises power over readers in that he has full rights and can therefore, decide what is contained and omitted, how events are appeared, and even the subject positions of their spectators. Look at the interrogative question in (A) (Does Chris Brown have amnesia?) the writer is engaging and positioning his readers in a certain way to answer the question (yes or no). Further more(prenominal), the entitle is in bold to pull all readers worry to the more principal(prenominal) sentence. The use of clear agent in the offset sentence (A) makes us focus on Brown himself and his hazard. In the second part of the text (B), the writer omitted purposely the name of Browns ex-fianc (Rihanna) to avoid dragging the audience attention. Moreover, the use of the negative grammatical form in (B) (No, I dont. Its want, its crazy to me) and in (C) (Im in shock, thats not who I am as a person. And thats not who I pride myself on being), shows the readers that Brown is not guilty, and he is not happy more or less what he did due to his sickness. We can see how the writer is manipulating his audiences, he is exercising his hidden power by not corpulent directly that Brown is innocent, but he is covertly trying to bring forth his message by controlling his audience to make them come to a specific conclusion (Brown is innocent). (Fairclough, Ch. 5, pp. 103-5 Text 2 in appendix)Furthermore, we notice that the theatrical of Brown is another form of constraint on contents such, representations cumulatively stereotype famous RB vocalizer and more generally the singer of favored public figures, and so constrain the meanings people attach to them. at one time we read the article, we dont find that Brown obviously give tongue to to be innocent, and inescapably our sympathy. The process relies totally on an ideal readers ability to deduce that from the list of his answer. Brown expresses his shock of what happed, he cant remember what actually happen, he is concerned f or his career, he is trying to rescue his reputation, he is trying to mystify the readers sympathy and forgiveness, he wants his audience to feel pity for him. Nevertheless, this indicates that what are being constrained are not only contents but also subjects the process presumes an ideal reader who will certainly make the right deduction from the list, in another meaning to have the right idea or so who Brown is. (Fairclough, Ch. 3, pp. 44-5 Text 2 in appendix)We have to know that not all photographs have the same effect. Journalists usually are clever. They make an ideal choice of a photograph that gives one image of a scene or a person from many likely images. The endurance is very significant because different images convey different meanings. In the example (D), we can see our attention is drawn particularly by Browns look and facial expression he is looking in the right side with a broken hart and sad face. Notice the clear sour of the caption. It leads us to feel sorry , pity, and sympathy with him. (Fairclough, Ch. 3, p. 45 Text 2 in appendix)Medias texts have a particular way of positioning and directing the reader towards the side that they like. The hidden power of the media text can be the journalist, the editor, or other people whom we dont know, and it is alship canal manipulative and covert. (Fairclough, Ch. 3, pp. 46)Our last text 3 is concerned with social struggle in the discourse. Power in discourse or behind discourse is not enduring and undisputed device characteristic of any individual or social grouping. Quite the opposite, those who practice power at a specific instant, have to continually reemphasize their power and authority, and those who dont have power are constantly likely to seek for power. This is a fact, whether at the level of the specific situation, or in terms of a social institution, or in terms of a whole society. According to Fairclough power at all these levels is won, exercised, sustained, and lost during social struggle. (Fairclough, Ch. 2 3, pp. 28, 57)Let us illustrate text (3) which is a good example where a struggle is overt and clear. It is an investigation situation where the interrogator is questioning the pensioner about his involvement in a crime. There are numerous ways in which (P) practices more supremacy over the discourse than anyone might imagine, goes beyond his discoursal rights and does not complete his obligations. Firstly, he challenges (I)s questions three times (turn 2, 4, and 6) rather than respond them immediately. Secondly, in (2 and 6) (P) asks questions that are not related at all to the situation and go beyond it, conversely, (I) is not answering (P), but he is asking him another question in order to keep him in the track. Lastly, it seems that (P) shows no sign of cooperation. He appears to treat the investigator as a peer, and act as if the interrogation is a normal conversation (2, 4, and 6), nevertheless, (I) success in maintaining a push-down store of c ontrol over the situation. While the struggle at the situational level is over power in discourse, struggle at the other levels may also be over power behind discourse. (Fairclough, Ch. 3, pp. 57-9 Text 3 in appendix)To sum up, I speak out this discussion was sincerely useful and productive. At my work, I usually practice my power through the use of language because it can be used as a perfect instrument for practicing a power over others. For example, my pose exercises his power over me and I exercise my power over other employers who are under my authority. Accordingly, as I express at the opening of this quiz language can either be empowering or disempowering depending on various reasons. It is wonderful what language can do.AppendixText 1Chris Brown appeared on Larry King with his attorney and his mother, Joyce Hawkins, who insists that Brown has never been a risky person. queen regnant Its Chris Brown exclusive, right now next, on LARRY queer LIVE. trade good evening. Wi th us tonight on LARRY world power LIVE are Chris Brown his mother, Joyce Hawkins and his attorney, Mark Geragos.Chris entered a guilty plea on June 22nd a deal that allowed him to avoid jail time. He pled guilty to felony assault later a widely publicized incident with his girlfriend, Rihanna. A second felony charge, devising criminal threats, was dropped. And Chris was sentenced to quin years probation and six months of community labor.We thank you all for coming. How are you doing? cook Im good. Thank you. mogul This had to be the worst period of your life. chocolate-brown .Possibly, yes. big businessman Possiblybrown Yes.KING Are things shut up for you now? Are you into it? brownish I think its more a relief now that everything is kind of all said and done as far as like what I have to do and emwhats going on. I think its no more .. no more media frenzy for them to kind of blow out of proportion anymore.KING So youre glad its over?BROWN Yes.KING What did you plead explain, quickly, Mark, what he pled guilty to.MARK GERAGOS, DEFENSE ATTORNEY Assault, basically, was what it is a felony assault charge sentenced to five years of probation as you said, 180 days of what Judge Schnegg calls community labor. And he has to undergo a domestic violence program for one year.KING And five years means youve got to be like perfectGERAGOS It means he walks the straight and narrow for five years. And as Judge Schnegg said in court yesterday, shes. shes a tough task master, but shes fair.KING Were taping this a week before it airs, so its airing on this night, but that was yesterday, meaning last Tuesday.GERAGOS That was.KING And before we get into the sum of everything, Chris, how have you handled all this, Joyce?JOYCE HAWKINS, CHRIS BROWNS MOTHER Its probably the most painful time of my entire life. Its been hard, really hard, seeing him going through the pain and everything that hes gone through, dealing with the media and dealing with the situation. Its been re ally hard.KING Especially with all the pain youve had in your life.HAWKINS Yes, along with that.KING Which well get to later. But the labor-oriented service, what . what does it mean you have to do, Chris? This is back in Virginia, right?BROWN Yes, back in Virginia.KING What do you have to do?BROWN I think they want me to do anything. anything from picking up folderal on the side of the street, washing cars, graffiti removal, I mean any.anything. But its the law, so Im uncoerced to do whatever they want me to do.KING Is it fair?BROWN To me, possibly everything comes . everything comes with consequences. So I feel like definitely it is. And I have no misjudgment on what the judge has has has given me. So Im willing to do anything they ask.KING So you feel its its fair?BROWN Yes.KING Yes. The judge was very specific. She wanted labor involved in the punishment.BROWN Yes.KING What did that mean to you when she said that, hard work?BROWN unsaid work, yes, definitely. And Im a very hard worker, so that thats kind of .. I wouldnt adduce second nature, but its definitely something that Im willing to to do. As far as the actual what I have to do, I felt own(prenominal)ly that, as far as not construction as as a celebrity, because I dont exclude myself and try to become like, oh, Im a celebrity so I shouldnt be punished. But I feel like with with what Im equal to(p) of doing as far as influencing people, influencing kids, the youth, I can do a apportion more to help the community other than picking up trash. But I dont Im not saying picking up trash is something wrong. Im willing to do it. But Im and saying, I know I can do a lot more, which I intend to do, digression from our community service.KING The sentencing judge, as I understand it, has not lifted a protective order the court imposed on you in connection with Rihanna. That means you cant be with her?BROWN No, I cant. I cant communicate. Nothing.KING Do you think thats fair?BROWN Its kind of hard , definitely, because being her being my friend for so long and us being being that close of a friend, its kind of like, wow, like, not being able to see or bawl out to that person is kind of kind of difficult. And but its its also hard because were both in the same industry. We do we go to the same events. WeKING That you can do, right?BROWN Yes, I can go to the same event. We havent (INAUDIBLE)KING But you cannot go together?BROWN Not not at all. We have to be like 10 yards away from each other, but I just feel like its harder, because were always in the same vicinity, and it leaves more because we have the protection order, it leaves more room for error. It leaves more room for people to start rumors and start start more stuff, like, oh, theyre together. Theyre not supposed to be together. And and it just kind of leaves more room for for problems.KING You have to be real careful, right, Mark?GERAGOS Yes, more than careful. I mean there was an incident a supposed inci dent in New York where the two of them unbeknownst to each other because they dont talk to each other are rumored to be at the same hotel. So before before we even verify it, I just recognize him, move. So, you know, its almost Ive kiddingly joked, we almost have to put GPS chips into the two of them to figure out where the other one is at all times.KING How well do you know Rihanna, Joyce?HAWKINS Ive known Rihanna for four or five years. AndKING Do you like her?HAWKINS erI like her, yes.KING When the incident happened, how did it hit you?HAWKINS Like I said, emI was deva say. I was really lost about the situation and really felt reallyerem.. stinking about this whole situation reallyKING Were you shocked?HAWKINS very shocked. Very shocked.KING soundly get into all of it. During the sentencing, the judge said she was not immune from the chatter on the airwaves about meetings between you and Rihanna.BROWN Yes.KING Now, obviously, it upset her, right?BROWN Yes.KING Do you und erstand that part?BROWN Yes, I understand that totally. Of course, like, the media, like Im not saying this media but the media, as far as like the the the immature media, you knowKING Immature media?BROWN The immature media. I feel like its high school sometimes, how people just pride theirself on personal business. But like I feel like they they spun a lot of the stuff out of control, as far as with with the judge, with a lot of things, because everybody reads the newspapers. Everybody reads the blogs. Everybody reads stuff like that.eremSo its easily influenced when theres something thats already stated like it happened.KING But what happened happened.BROWN Yes.KING And you were involved in what happenedBROWN Yes.KING So you have to accept the consequences.BROWN Definitely.GERAGOS You know, the disagreement in this case and Ive been through a number of cases where there was media attention the difference in this case is the aftermath of the incident, where there was rep eatedly just false stuff that would be printed. And major newspapers would put out things theyre they exhausted the weekend together here or they worn-out(a) the weekend together there, which was just false. They werent even at one point, they said the two of them had spent the night together in one location. She wasnt even in the country.KING Simply put, when was the last time you had contact with her?BROWN Its been a brace months, because I think thats when the actual stay away order was in effect. erSo from there, we havent had contact at all.KING Do you contend her?BROWN Definitely.KING In love with her?BROWN erem..Definitely.KING Would you spend a lifetime with her?BROWN Would I spend a lifetime well, er I mean, emIm 20, soKING No, well, lets say could you conceive of that down the road?BROWN em.. I yes.KING Well be right back with Chris Brown, Joyce Hawkins and Mark Geragos. Dont go away.Text 2Media TextDoes Chris Brown have amnesia? That sure looks like it when the RB singer spoke for the first time in public about the incident that rocked the entertainment world a few months agoWhen asked whether he remembers beating up his ex-girlfriend, Brown replies No, I dont. Its like, its crazy to me. Im like, wow. Brown adds, When I look at the police reports or I hear about the police reports, I dont know what to think. I just dont know what to think. Its just like, wow.I just look at it like, wow, Im in shock, cause first of all, thats not who I am as a person. And thats not who I pride myself on being.(D)Text (3)Transcript from the series Criminal Minds was shown on Friday 1st January 2010, at 2130, on MBC Action. It was an investigation between a prisoner and investigatorThe investigator is showing some pictures for several utterly girls.(I) Investigator Why did you kill these girls?(P) Prisoner Would you like to see a trick?(I) Investigator How many girls did you kill?(P) Prisoner pick a card.(I) Investigator Where did you bury them?(P) Prisoner Do you ever smile? It is hard to trust a person who does not smile.