Security Incident in the Airport Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

protective covering Incident in the Airport - Case Study ExampleAs the saying goes prevention is mend than cure. The incident that happened at the lax airport should have been prevented. This could have evaded the delay in flights and the losses that the passengers encountered as a result of the delay. The existence who sneaked in terminal four with a backpack should have been seen in the beginning he attempted the stunt. The first thing that could have been done to prevent this problem is keeping whole approach path to the terminals checked. There should be only one access to the terminals for all civilians with all other access that are used by staff manned by security personnel all the time. These accesses should be given limited access and should be used if necessary. These are not only the access that the man could have used. In addition, fire escapes should be kept shut at all times unless there is a fire emergency. Security in and around the airport should be buffed up a nd agents advised to hold back the human traffic in the airport and be on the look step up for suspicious people. When a billet like that happens, an airport the first thing is to ensure the safety of all the people at the airport. Since its not known the intention of the man trespassing to terminal 4, shutting down the terminal is a good option. The next step would be to bring more security personnel to the terminal to carry the crowd. Since the terminal is shut down many pass on want to move out of the terminal victimization the lifts and escalators. This presents another danger to the people in the terminal. Shutting down the escalators and lifts leave behind ensure that there will be no accidents caused in these areas. Trying to get an orderin the chaos will be hard but will be the only way to ensure that every one is out of risk. The other step will be to arrest the man who trespassed and ascertain the danger that he posed. This will help erasure the passengers that the da nger that was posed has been controlled and everyone needs to be checked again.

Using Your Manager Skills Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Using Your Manager Skills - Research Paper ExampleMost companies ar use sustainability as a key component in their business strategies. Consumers have also increased their command for companies to be attentive to their environment of operation. The price of petroleum-based packaging plastics has keep to rise leading to a spurn of its competitive advantage over biodegradable packaging material. The Energy Information Administration (EIA) foresees a continued increase in the prices of the plastics in the coming year (Pekhtasheva, & Neverov, 2012). This will boost the marketability of the biodegradable material. Simply jet plane Products Company has capitalized this market trend and established product chain of biodegradable packing materials. Valued at $10 million, the company produces packing material for pears, apples and peaches that orchards use in the Shenandoah Valley. For its marketing, Simply Green Products has adopted the wee SafePack to imply the biodegradability of th e material. The eco-friendly agricultural that is emphasized by lobby sort outs has contributed to the market advantage of SafePack over the non-biodegradable packing material. However, thither have been recent internet campaigns that argued that SafePack is not biodegradable. The environmental group, SafePack Materials Pollute, which is behind the campaign, argues that SafePack materials cause environment pollution referable to seepage into surface waters. The group campaign is done on the internet where fruit producers are demoralised from buying SafePack materials. The issues raised by the group touch on the Clean Water Act (CWA) and straight Waste Disposal Act (SWDA). It is necessary to assess the environmental concerns raised by the environmental group against the relevant laws so that the company can devise strategies to safeguard its market.The claims made by the lobby are critical to the reputation of Simply Green Products. However, for such claims to be considered valid under the law, they

Policy paper (stating the solutions to improve the security in Kenya Assignment

Policy paper (stating the solutions to improve the security system in Kenya using help from the external community) - Assignment ExampleThese solutions however mintnot be handled by the rustic alone and the international community will have to chip in if they argon to be palmy in this endeavor. The resulting aim will be beneficial to all involved as a safer field will lead to a more prosperous environment which will allow for an increase in the co operation of countries and organizations in sectors such as business and other areas of international concerns (Hastings, 2012). The first blackguard in ensuring that the security threat is efficiently dealt with is the creation of new policies that will enable Kenya and the cooperating countries to meet this be head on. There are a number of policies that can be implemented that will serve in the achievement of this goal, they include Military Support The main security threat facing the commonwealth consists of militants based in neighboring countries who happen to have armed forces at their disposal and use this mental imagery to cause havoc in the areas that they wish to maneuver (Prabhakaran, 2008). These areas includes places such as the countries borders where they have attempted to puzzle control of the neighborhood so as to enhance their control and hold over the areas that they wish to outcome charge of. ... Military endorse in this case will consist of the sending of troops to these areas to support the local military in their attempt to gain back control of the regions that have been most impact by the invasion of these terrorist armed forces. The additional provision of plain men will increase the estates ability to fight back where necessary especially in the areas that have been suffering rat attacks form these militants and will enhance the probability of victory during battles (Prabhakaran, 2008). The troops will alike provide extra man power for activities such as border control tha t will allow them to cover the areas that are patrolled more efficiently and without the exhaustion of the resources at the countrys disposal. Military support can also include the sending of weapons that will allow the country to fight these attacks more efficiently and hopefully in the process discourage the militants from attempting to wage war on the soldiers that have been sent to these regions (Prabhakaran, 2008). It should be noted that the individuals kidnapped from this region are not always of Kenyan origin and some are expatriates who happen to be working in the area at that point in time thus this support will not only be for the protection of the Kenyan people alone but also the citizens of other international areas who operate in this region. Access Control This can be described as the restrictive control of regions of concern that will make it difficult for unauthorized people to enter these areas (Prabhakaran, 2008). Access control can also refer to restrictive proh ibitions of other items such as Visas that allow entry into the country without a stern background check to confirm that the individual in question does not harbor any(prenominal) ill will that may be the

Am I a Constructivist Teacher Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Am I a Constructivist t for each oneer - Essay ExampleI also have group activities once a day. Reading to each other, playing math games, and other activities are encouraged. Every lesson also has an open discussion. I on the wholeow all students to participate with answers, questions, and even stories.I am at the middle of the constructivist spectrum due to my views on individual program line. I feel that children can play around or distract when grouped together too often. Interspersing constructivist activities with tralatitious assignments seem to keep the children focused better. A child does not automatically understand self-control, autonomous behavior, and effrontery without doing handed-down assignments by themselves. On the other hand, after doing a traditional assignment constructivist activities about the traditional assignment are handy. This helps the children do the assignment on their own merits while learning from their and others mistakes and successes.My curre nt teaching habits do reflect my constructivist-based views. I like to mix two traditional and constructivist views. Children cannot be programmed like computers. It is requirement to use constructivist-based activities to help the child learn. Upon learning a skill a student can and so reproduce the skill alone. For example, creative writing is a test given in the 5th grade. all year descriptive writing is examined by the students. Papers are written and shared by the finished 5th grade. Students bounce ideas off of each other in groups and through open discussion, however when victorious the writing test the student must perform on their own. This is why I prefer both methods.Discipline is another reason I am in the middle on constructivist views. Some students cannot make out group interaction. Often these children have rough backgrounds. These children need a more traditional approach. This is especially reliable when speaking about emotionally disturbed (ED) children. E very child is different. If a

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 9

Human Resource concern - Essay ExampleThe SWOT analysis is used as a tool to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the gentle resource anxiety practices of the companies.Among the weaknesses of Fifers bakery is that recruitment is undertaken by the plant managers themselves. There is no conventional induction program for new hires. Supervisors and employees view job expectations differently. The weaknesses of Fifers Bakery in human resource management are anchored upon the absence of a human resource department.This article is a comparative analysis of the human resource management practice of two South African companies Fifers Bakery and McCain Foods SA (Pty) Ltd. The two companies are leading in the food processing industry.Fifers Bakery was established by Eddie Hind in 1992. It is now owned by Foodcorp Proprietary throttle after its purchase of First Lifestyle. The companys carrefourion facilities are extensive with a variety of equipment and 6000 s quare meters of factory space provides ample capacity for the production of more than 180 product lines, particularly specialized breads, cakes and artisan baked products.McCain Foods SA (Pty) Ltd began operations in South Africa in 2000. The company has most 1,150 employees nationwide and has its headquarters in Bedfordview, Johannesburg, South Africa. It has four production facilities in South Africa. It is part of McCain Foods Limited which is based in Florenceville, New Brunswick, Canada. It is the worlds largest producer of French fries and other prepared frozen foods.Human resource management is a management function directed at the preparation and deployment of a business enterprises human resource needs. It falls within the domain of staffing the enterprise. knobs normative model is to be used in comparing the personnel management practices of Fifers Bakery and McCain Foods SA (Pty) Ltd.

Paper 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Paper 2 - Essay ExampleIn the aim the manager portrays the problem of racism as the byproduct of hatred towards skin color. Mark A. Reid stated that, To develop a popular black audience, Micheauxs action flicks presented the twenties from a black perspective (12). To be specific, the director makes use of his film as a tool to expose his attitude on racism in the mainstream society. Sylvia Landry, the female protagonist knows that racism still prevails in the society, but she tries to overcome the same by immersing herself in worldly affairs. Jane Gaines opined that, Within Our Gates was thus linked to fear of cataclysmic companionable change, a linkage obfuscated by the smoke screen of race riot (163). The turning point in the film is tie in to the female protagonists unexpected meeting with Rev. Jacobs. Within this scenario, Landry realizes that she cannot alienate herself from the problems faced by the black children. So, she decides to raise fund for the local school. This change in attitude is important because the same is related to her attitude towards racism. So, one can see to it that the director makes use of the female protagonist and the sad lease of black children to express his attitude on racism.From a different angle of view, one can see that the director makes use of the main characters as his mouthpiece to share his social message with the viewers. To be specific, the director leads the viewers towards the female protagonists past to prove that she is the victim of racism and she is trying her train best to save herself from haunting memories. Stefanie Laufs stated that, In his movies, Micheaux addressed racial discrimination and counteracted black stereotypes with images of the impertinent Negro and a new feeling of race pride (43). The character named as Rev. Jacobs is symbolic of social responsibility towards the downtrodden population. On the other side, an unnamed character (say,

Dangers of drunk driving Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Dangers of drunk driving - look for Paper ExampleWith the help of two informative articles, statistics and information on this very topic induct been provided and discussed well within the confines of this paper in order for the reader to be able to infer a better insight into the harmful effects that are caused by drunken driving.In the united States of America, the leading cause of deaths for people under the age of 24 has been branded as motor vehicle wrecks ascribable to drinking and driving. It has been estimated that one American life is lost every 20 minutes due to a drunk driver on the road, or even drinking and driving. (Gieck, D, Joseph, and David M Slagle ) The main liaison that just about traffic policemen check is the blood alcohol concentration of a driver on the road. If this turns expose to be about 0.10 or more, then the driver is seven times more likely to be involved in a car accident than a driver who is completely sober at the time of driving. Most coll ege students and young adults form the population that undergoes these traffic related fatalities with respect to heavy episodes of drinking.Thus, the archetype of a free ride was started in a number of states within the United States. The main drive of the free ride was to provide intoxicated drivers with a cheap mode of transportation so that they are able to reach home safely along with mitigating the chance of harming anyone else on the road. (Gieck, D, Joseph, and David M Slagle ) It is important for such programs to be effective all over and not just in parts of the world because harmonize to harm theory, it has been suggested that most accidents due to the effects of alcohol happen due to secondary measures. This means that most people under the influence of alcohol cause harm on activities that they carry out instead than harming themselves directly.It is very important for people to be able to judge the level of alcohol that they have consumed forwards riding their veh icles on the

Communist Revolution and Confucianism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

communist Revolution and Confucianism - Essay ExampleIn fact, culture is so compact in China that instead of considering China as a governmental State, a lot of reviewers regards China as a cultural State. In this regard, two major cultural eras (political regimes) dissolve be identified with China. There could be more than two eras but for the sake of this essay, the Confucian and Communist eras are discussed. In the Confucian era, China was to possess the dynastic system, which was overturned in 1911 to make office for the second era, which was the communist era after a supposedly a weak republi lav melody of government existed until 1949 and through the civil war. The communist era continues to exist in China it started. The coming of the communist government was actually informed by a number of factors against the Confucian era. However though, it is evident in present day communist rule in China that traces of fundamental Confucian ideas exist. This essay seeks to researc h why the communist renewal originally sought to quell Confucianism and why it has recently changed its tack and encourage the renewal of Confucian ideas. Why the Communist Revolution originally sought to quell Confucianism One commonwealth turnovers the other with a mentality to the citizenry that the latter has better options in terms of political rule. In contemporary world, overthrow of governments come commonly with democratic elections. In the case of the communist rule in China however, it all started with a revolution. Political revolution is said to be a complete overthrow of the established government of a country or state by those who were previously subject to it a forcible substitution of a new ruler or form of government (Calvert in, 1970 in Pleuger, 2009). Because political revolutions are accompanied with forcible substitutions, it has always been expected that the overthrowing government has convincing reasons as to why it is the vanquish and most pressing optio n. With the communist revolution, two major reasons why it wanted to originally quell Confucianism can be discussed. Debate over classification and identity In the first place, there was a wide debate and outcry over the classification, identity or otherwise, mandate of Confucianism. Right from the onset, Confucianism was thought by umteen as not having a clear-cut and straight forward mission of existence. Even in about circles, it was said that Confucianism was thought to be of a heavenly mandate instead of a political superstar (Hays, 2008). This is to say that Confucianism was not well placed either as a religion, political party or a social club. Because of this, communists argued that Confucian rule had no political authorization to rule China. Because of the seemingly ill-defined mandate of Confucianism, it was argued that they were not able to rule with clearly defined political system, program and agenda. The communist revolution therefore criticized several fundamenta l political ideas of the Confucianism including the following documented by Hays (2008). Govern for the avail of the masses, reduce taxes, and recruit superior men of any origin Promote the straight and throw out the twisted and people will keep order. The powerful must be benevolent in treating the weak the weak must be wise in dealing with the powerful (Hays, 2008). The communist therefore had a general information that Confucianism

History of Germany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

tarradiddle of Germany - Essay ExampleAlthough nominally a league of equals, in practice the empire was dominated by the largest and most powerful state, Prussia.The period of Bismarck was considered a golden era under whom, Germany rose to drive hotshot among the greatest powers of the world. The imperial crown was hereditary in the House of Hohenzollern, the kings of Prussia. The last king in the Prussian era was William II. William became internationally known for his aggressive foreign policy positions and strategic blunders which pushed the German empire into political isolation and later into World contend I. Under William II, Germany no longer had long-ruling strong chancellors uniform Bismarck. William II wanted Germany to have its baffle in the sun like the British Empire and plume Germany to begin colonial efforts in Africa and the Pacific. With much territory in Africa colonized, Germans got only a small share. This created a fight for power, which ultimately trigg ered World War I.Emperor William II abdicated the throne and then Government accredited an armistice on November 11, 1918 which marked the end of World War I. It also signed the Humiliating Versailles treaty. The imperialism was succeeded by the democratic, yet flawed, Weimar Republic. It was doomed from the beginning since even moderates disliked it and extremists on both the left and right loathed it. It eventually brought Nazis led by Adolph Hitler to power.Nazism or National Socialism refers primarily to the ideology and practices of the Nazi political party under Adolph Hitler and the policies adopted by the government of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. It established a kind of imperialism on Germany and scorn Jews and communists. It ruled Germany during the pre-war period and Hitler became The Fhrer. He started World War II citing the humiliation of Germany in World War II. Germany was defeated by allied forces in the War. Following Germanys defeat in World War II and the b eginning of the Cold War, Germany was split, representing the focus of the two global blocs in the east and west. International plans for the unification of Germany were make during the early years following the establishment of the two states, but to no avail. During the summer of 1989, rapid changes took place in East Germany, which ultimately led to German reunification. Only in 1990 would Germany be reunited. Towards end of the Century, Germany became the centralize of attraction in European Union. It is one of the most industrialized and developed nations of the world. (The Causes of World War unrivaled (2004))German EducationThe German Empire had a strong influence on German culture, including its education. commonwealth of Prussia was among the first countries in the world (if not the first at all) to introduce free and generally overbearing primary education, consisting of an eight-year course of primary education, Volksschule. Under the German Empire the school system be came more centralized. more than vicarious schools were established, and the state had the right to set standards and to supervise the newly established schools. Four different types of secondary schools developed A nine-year classical Gymnasium (focusing on Latin and Greek or Hebrew, plus one modern language), a nine-year Realgymnasium

Innocent Drinks Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

detached Drinks - Case Study ExampleAdditionally, it ensures the endorsement of recycling and sustainability of its products packaging. This paper, therefore, analyzes the line of descent operations of gratis(p) Drinks Company including booms, bumps and the overall SWOT analysis of this association.The dominant market share of stark Drinks Company in the Juice and Smoothie market has been on the decline due to daily emergence of soft drinks companies into this industry. For example, in the recent past, this companys market, which initially was over 70%, has been threatened by an unfair competition and consumer downturn (Sahlman 356). Even though Innocent Company upholds a higher degree of ethical standards towards natural, healthy, delicious and sustainable production, the only market worry is the identification of best marketing strategies that would resolutely keep this company the market leader in soft drink production. Additionally, the development and success of this com pany continues to create its unusual share of challenges as the company adversely faces threat of consumers downturn and an inclusive out of business bigger rival efforts. In order to curb these market competition challenges, Innocent Drinks Company has resolved into being a flexible soft drink organization with various branches. This dodging is primarily aimed at capturing wider markets.Fruit juice revolution may act as the best circumstance study to analyze and understand the development and success of Innocent Drinks Company and their products. In the practical perspective, clear drinks packages range from (250ml) to (1L). The appearance of this smoothie is plain one and unappealing, which is due to the natural nature of innocent drinks. Innocent soft drinks are in natural form hence lack chemical substances. This makes these soft drinks somewhat of the best drinks for human consumptions. Labelling of Innocent Drinks juice

Research paper on Faith Wilding (An Artist) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

On reliance Wilding (An Artist) - Research Paper ExampleShe is the frontrunner of cyber-feminism in the U.S., where cyber-feminism is relatively a new term that studies the family between technology and women. Her main focus is on improving the contribution of women in the field of biotechnology. assurance Wilding frequents the U.S. and Europe and her audio lectures are broadcast by RIAS Berlin WDR Cologne and National Public Radio, USA (Faith Wilding). Her list of publications include MEANING, Heresies, Ms. Magazine, The Power of womens liberationist Art (Faith Wilding). She has also published many otherwise magazines and books. The National Endowment for the Arts has awarded her two individual media grants (Faith Wilding). At present, she is the faculty member at the School of Art Institute of Chicago and the MFA in Visual Art Program at Vermont College of the wedlock Institute and University (Faith Wilding).Wilding has been very active the feminist art movement since her supp ort for the founding of Feminist Art Program in California (Jones & Heathfield 253). This program proved to be a stepping stone for politicizing and theorizing the feminist art. She and her husband participated in antiwar movements during the 60s. This laid the foundation for her future feminist art endeavors. Her artistry tells the story how she observe the enforced patriarchy throughout her life. This context gives her the energy to express the prejudiced and biased hearty construction of the world.Wilding creates artwork based on feminist themes. Many of her artworks depict satire aimed at the patriarchal attitudes of the society. Her artwork themes have evolved with time. The 1970s is generally marked with highly politicized Anglo-American feminist art movements. Wildings early works sure depict that era but as time progressed her artwork also evolved and modified incorporating other elements of the social injustice towards women. The politicized feminist art form generally criticized the

Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Autobiography of genus Benzoin Franklin - Essay ExampleIt also asks if Franklin is a solemn self-help man who wants to help others, or merely a self-promoter. The key ways by which Franklin presents his story as an illustration of self-improvement are through providing external influences on his life who are also self-made people like himself and showing how planning and executing plans is part of realizing the American Dream. He is motivated to employ self-improvement, because he had set himself to become a writer, which is not a lucrative craft, and he believed in the shelter of planning and hard work. gum benjamin Franklin strikes me as a person who is genuinely interested in help others, because he provided self-tested principles and practices that enabled him to pursue small and large life goals and he merely shared pragmatic and moral topics and principles, which he believed can help people achieve their dreams, no matter how hard their circumstances whitethorn be, a pro cess that resulted to the promotion of the American Dream. One of the external influences on Benjamin Franklin was his father, Josiah Franklin. He describes how Josiah focuses on teaching his children, not only how to live by unmatcheds energy and determination, but how to live uprightly. In one instance, Josiah taught his son that nothing was useful which was not honest (Franklin Chapter 1). ... From here, Benjamin embarked on a mission of be more aware of how he writes, a metacognitive practice, which helped him arrange the logic and perspicacity of his arguments. Benjamins friends and patrons also influenced him to become a let on person. Several governors, for instance, even when they knew that Benjamin was a penniless lad, invited him to their libraries. Apparently, these people also believed in the idea of self-improvement and that by encouraging others like Benjamin, they can also help improve the lives of other people. Benjamin further shows self-improvement by explaining how planning and executing plans is part of realizing the American Dream. An example is how he ameliorate his own knowledge on diverse topics and skills through self-help. For instance, he did not enjoy meat a great deal, so he read a book on preparing vegetarian recipes. He also abhorred the paltry of animals for humanitys palettes, which almost made him a pure Vegan, or one who does not even eat fish. Benjamin not only ate what he wanted, but also saved money by embarkment and preparing food for his own tastes and beliefs. Furthermore, Benjamin admitted his problems with arithmetic. He read a book Cockers book of Arithmetick and taught himself arithmetic better than his teachers did. Franklin further improved his command of English by studying the Socratic method. He read Xenophons unforgettable Things of Socrates, which helped him enhance how he questions peoples ideas, arguments, and beliefs, to the point of embarrassing them, in the way that Socrates once did. These are var ious self-help measures that stress the value of knowing ones weaknesses and preparing to remedy them through

Barriers cross cultural communication Research Paper

Barriers cross cultural conference - Research Paper ExampleIn the business world, increasing globalisation has been resulting in the formation of galore(postnominal) multinational companies (MNCs). Initially, these were mostly dominated by the West, whereas Asian Multinational Companies (AMCs) have mostly been of Japanese or Korean origin. Lately, a new breed of AMCs are emerging that are mostly of Chinese and Indian origin. Their expansion however, as with the earlier MNCs before them, is posing challenges related to cross-cultural communication.This paper seeks to identify the representative barriers to effective cross-cultural communication in this new context and how they can be overcome. The greater boil down is on examining Chinese culture and the experience of Chinese managers of AMCs working within the American socio-cultural environment.Such Chinese high-profile AMCs include Haier, Lenovo and Huawei, and Indian AMCs include Tata and Bharti Airtel. Both countries have som e domestic economies. Apart from issues such as the need to improve governance, have greater transparency, and so on (Moller, 2008), they also recognise the need to accommodate to different cultures. This entails stressing responsibility and accountability, and to be more responsive to local needs (Rajan et al., 2009).The Chinese realise that it is friendship and skills for operating internationally that are needed more than owning shares due to the previously limited exposure and normal seclusion. The Indians on the other hand have had a longer exposure to the market economy. Both comment that knowledge acquisition is paramount for innovation (Teagarden et al., 2008), but new knowledge has to be communicated using wrangle in order to be acquired (Welch & Welch, 2008).Tatas acquisition of South Koreas Daewoo vehicle company in 2004 was seen as a success but that is because their cultures shared many similarities to begin with (Rodrigues, 2006). The language barriers were overco me easily, which speeded the integration, and assurance developed

Bank Product Profitability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Bank overlap Profitability - Essay ExampleThere atomic number 18 so many countries in which the development is very low. That is all due to the lack or resources and lack of fiscal approaches, the pecuniary institutions for every boorish involve high investment all these food markets atomic number 18 the part of macro economics studies in which the markets of different kinds gutter be brought together to set the overall structure of the economy. These markets in every country serve as the full adjustment of economic variables within them and ar responsible for the growth of the country. In many of the economies, financial markets are those places at which the people can easily buy and merchandise the securities of different types. These markets are associated with the financial assets and these assets are the financial securities that they buy and sell in the market.The assets which come under the category of the financial assets are the financial securities such as the s tocks of various types and bonds with different maturities and the commodities at low costs. These markets are called the efficient market where the buying and selling of different types of securities takes place. These financial markets serve various functions in all the countries of the world and are doing g efforts to attain the liquidity at high levels. In these financial markets it is easy to buy and sell for the people because they offer the large number of buyers and the large number of sellers for selling of the securities. The major objective of the earthly concern of these financial markets is the creation of the good use of savings in the betterment of the economic growth of the country because if the economy does not use the good methods for adjustment of savings the growth of that economy will be low. Thus for their growth of any economy the healthy growth of the financial markets us necessary. (Andrade, Gegor, Mitchell, Stafford, 103-120, 2001)Financial markets, insti tutions and instruments nosepiece the gap between the academic and professional finance communities. With contributions from leading academics, as well as practitioners from organizations such as the SEC and the Federal Reserve, the journal is equally relevant to both groups. Each issue is attached to a single topic, which is examined in depth, and a special fifth issue is published annually play up the most significant developments in money and banking, derivative securities, corporate finance, and fixed-income securities. (Athanasoglou, Brissimis, Delis, n.p., 2005)These financial markets have three base types of functions these are the first function which is associated with these financial markets is the raising of capital in the capital markets, the capital markets are the securities markets and their functions are conducted by the government and different private companies. They raised the funds there and these are associated with the yen term securities and they are the stock markets and the bonds market with long term maturities. These capital markets are further shared out in to two more markets which are called the primary markets

WHY TO CHOOSE CAL STATE UNIVERSITY SANTA BARBARA Essay

WHY TO CHOOSE CAL STATE UNIVERSITY SANTA BARBARA - turn up ExampleHowever, this clause was deleted to allow the upgrading process hence the creation of Cal State University Santa Barbara which became part of the university of atomic number 20 question system.The campus is located in the California, United States, and it covers an approximate area of one thousand and twenty-two acres of grease in Goleta. It has conferred various students with various degrees in the past hence it is among the top performing universities in the California university system. California University has had the culture of research for long hence all upcoming universities have to follow suit. milling machine (41) asserts that its location is adjacent to the Pacific Ocean, which gives the students an amazing breeze all the time. Moreover, the university is built on Cliffs hence this provides bonnie scenery of the ocean and other places. It has also its own beach, yet none of the other universities owns a beach. This makes the life of the students comfortable especially during the recess period.In addition, the campus has many paths, which make the movement of students, their bicycles, and vehicles, easy. The campus layout is also artistic. This is evident on the strategic location of lecture halls, the sports and athletics fields, the dining halls, laboratories, libraries, washrooms, amphitheaters and conference halls. According to Starr (14) the hostels of the students and the sport fields fall in the West and East campuses. This enhances the learning process because it saves the students time of moving long distances to rest and attend to their chores.Furthermore, the university affords the disenable lot facilities to use. In fact, it has a school for the disabled students. This makes it a choice of many people who judge the less privileged in the society. It also upholds environmental preservation because it has created its own natural preservation center. Its depository lib rary is located near

Business - Smucker's Case Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business - Smuckers drive - Assignment ExampleIt expanded itself beyond jams and jellies so that it can shield itself from becoming an acquisition of whatsoever of the larger firm. The go with has been successful at expanding its operations, enhancing its gross sales and revenues by greater margins and increasing the price of the caudex (Gamble, J. E., Smuckers in 2011 Expanding the Business Lineup). The products of J. M. Smucker Company helped it to achieve its long-term goals. The troupes post demonst range strategic fit in the sense that all its brands are performing quite well. Smuckers anticipate its net sales to augment by 6 percent annually by increasing the sales ontogenesis to 2-3 percent resulting from future acquisitions, and increase in sales by 1 percent from the doorway of the new product. It is identified that in the year 2010, the company was capable of becoming the market leader in 11 of its food categories such as fruit spreads as well as dessert toppings, roast and ground coffee, health and natural beverages, peanut butter, cooking oil and condensed and evaporated milk. It can be stated that it is viable for the company to expand its operations beyond its core competencies in order to fight the competition that it confronts from its rivals. This volition help the company to generate high sales and revenues, along with that it will also assist the company to increase substantial market share. interrogative mood Two One of the factors impacting the successful operations of Smuckers is taxation. Changes in the tax rates and laws have a significant influence upon the company. Competition is the other macro environmental factor which hampers the sales and profitability of the company. Nestle and Kraft Foods are the main competitors of the Smuckers in coupled States. Economic slowdown and recession in the USA has an impact upon the operations of the firm. It is observed that the first triad months of the year 2011 seemed to be promis ing despite the persistent impacts of economic downturn in the United States. The revenues of the company were same for the period i.e. first three months in the fiscal year 2010. However, there was rise in the operating income by 5 percent in the first quarter from $185 trillion of the year 2010 to $195 million in the very first quarter of the year 2011. When the USA faces with the issues related to currency and interest rates fluctuations, the companies like Smuckers may have to face significant problems since these companies have its branches in many of the abroad nations. There has been change in the consumption pattern of the people of the USA during the period of recession and as a result the organization had to focus upon the budget cuts and concentrate more upon the home made meals kind of than readymade meal as sold by Smuckers. Sudden change in the consumption habit has a significant impact upon the company. Therefore, it is quite significant for the company to take cer tain initiatives so that it can belittle the negative impacts of such threats and help in the enhancement of the sales and revenues of the company. If such issues are not stipendiary due attention, then the companys profitability will be hampered to a great extent. Question Three There are many subsectors of processed food industry and each subsector has different growth expectations, competitive intensity, profit margins and business risks. The industry can be identified as attractive in the

Critique of Capitalist Economy Essay Example for Free

Critique of Capitalist thriftiness EssayIntroductionKarl Marx and Freidrich Engels were great supporters of communism and were opposed to the majusculeism way of economical system beca part they believed that it was a way of exploiting the poor and benefiting the rich in the society1. They did a lot of die as philosophers in addressing religious, political and economic resigns. Karl point out and Engels were supporters of communism and criticized the jacketism thrift which was cosmos advocated for by the developed countries. Thesis communistic thriftiness is better than the capitalist economy. There has always been a conflict between the counties in the westbound and the Eurasia on the way economic policies should be set with countries like the US supporting capitalism term the countries that were formally soviet union oppose it and want continue with the communism way. To criti travel toy assess the rationalnesss why communism is better than capitalism, the by-line is the digest of negative impact of capitalism and the advantages of the communist economy concord to Karl Marx and Engels. The most nonable writing is the communist pronunciamento.Communist ManifestoIn 1848, Karl Marx and Freidrich Engels came together to write the communist manifesto which was a proclamation of the unavoidable failure of the capitalist economy and wake up call to the baters all over the world2. The manifesto was commissioned by the communist league in England.Capitalism exposit as the economic scheme where there is free market of capital i.e. facilities and money, the natural resources and confinement ( occupation)3. This lovely of system allows individual entities like people and companies to the business makeers and not the central government. They run the output lines, ferment much network as possible since they be excessively the decision makers of the issues that be affecting the harvest-festivalion of goods and services plus the sale of the same4.Communism on the another(prenominal) hand is described as an economic system which allows the distri preciselyion of the countries resources with the intent of creating a non stratified society. In this type of economy, the government owns the production delegacy and there are no private entities that own the same business or essay. Communism is considerably associated with a German philosophy, Karl Marx because he was an activists and an economist and wrote so much literature about communism and criticizing the capitalism. In his works, he put forward postulations that capitalism would be overthrown and ultimately replaced by communism.Since the individual self- pigheadedness of the marrow of production would lead to exploitation, Karl Marx advocated for communism arguing that though the communism may vary from country to country, the following beneficial characteristics would still remain5 the planning, production and other operations in agriculture and industry are centrally organized, the system does not put up with opposition from other viewpoints and that only one political company runs the government.Communism developed as reaction of employees to the unacceptable working conditions during the emergence and the increased industrial change according to Marx and Engels. In Marxs view, capitalist should6 give a determine to socialism a chance to excel because capitalism was deemed to fail the economy because it would throw two rivalry classes in the society of the fools and have not hence a freshly economic system would emerge and replace the capitalism7.Though not popular in the 19th century, the communist manifesto became widely utilize and read document as people sought to actually establish the most efficient economic system during the era of industrial revolution. As discussed by Marx and Engels, the communism economy would come as a scientifically proofed issue and according to the historic changes of phenomena as continuous proce sses. Feudalism grew and as expected it had to transform giving get up to mercantilism which also naturally translated to capitalism, from this reasoning, Karl Marx expected that the supporters of the capitalist economy would accept change as it was unavoidably going to squander place with capitalism transforming to socialism (communism).Economy under CapitalismIn the manifesto of communism, Marx and Engels argue that employment would be greatly affected by the owners of the means of production. It also addresses the idea of ownership of private property and idea of communism. The employees are depicted to be suffering from alienated labor the monomania of labor is categorized in to four groups8 offset, as soon as the product is made it is straight push backn away from the creator second, the workers are exploited in the production line (too much work un-proportional to the pay), third, the human beings are meant to work and increase productivity blindly and not in agreement with the ruler human nature (from species being), finally, mutual satisfaction of the human extremitys is replaced by the benefit resulting from the exchange of the products (from other beings).Marx analyses the Hegelian deduction of types of economies to explain how all the categories (salaries, rent, earnings etc) were all alienated as a effect of alienation of the human nature in the capitalist economy. This is because the structure of the economic system ultimately ends up dictating the way people come to live their lives in future, their behavior and determines the possible actions to be taken to roost on top. For instance, in the event that a capitalist economist intention is to remain in the industry (business venture) then he has to exploit the employees to the legal limit.The capitalist will definitely end up being a ruthless exploiter despite being wracked by guilt or not because of the need to stay in control of the economy and apparently everything. On the same not e, employees are forced to take on the work offer as there are no sensible alternatives. Marx and Engels insist that it is for this reason that people have to rise above such oppression and take the bull by its horns so as to have a collective control of their way of life in terms of economy and societal development.Commodity production is another aspect that is addressed by Marx as being used for exploitation. Commodity in the economy and business definitions is the product produced with an intention of exchange for legal tender or money in the market, as there exists a market, the product can be exchanged and that there is division of labor where a variety of products are produced, otherwise there would be no inducing for the exchange. With this kind of reasoning then, a commodity is described in terms of use and cherish.The use is soft understood, but the cling to becomes a complex issue to deal with and the relative observe for the exchange has to be elaborated. For instance why does some meter of a product exchange for a different amount of another product? The elaboration has to cover the labor input during production of the product or or else the socially obligatory effort put in at average level of intensity to dampen the commodity9.This is where the labor theory instinct and interpretation plays a big role, and it states that the quantity of socially native work conviction needed to produce the commodity should be the determinant of its worth. In Marx view, this argument has two stages and the first is, to say if two gunpoints are compared by equations with an equal sign, there should be a third item of identical amount in both to which they are reducible and which is common, the second stage is to look for the fitted third element and in this case labor is the only reasonable element10. Labor force is so likely to be exploited in order to increase the value of the commodity as the use remains constant.Capitalism is idiosyncratic the capi talist economist does not only rely on the exchange of products as the source of profits but rather the progression of riches, in the form of cash, with the intension of profit making by means of trading in the products and changing them into other products which can cost higher(prenominal) prices and generate to a greater extent profits. According to Marx and Engels, no previous scholars have been able to clearly give an description of how capitalism as a whole would generate profits. There solution is that, the capitalists exploit the labor from employees, they cloud employees labor effort for the day.The price (value) of the product is established by the same means that is, the socially essential labor force needed to make the product. In such an instance, the days labor effort is the worth of the products required to keep the employee alive for one day. Taking for example a situation where commodities take about five hours to create, the first five hours of the day would be u sed up on creating value that is equal to the worth of the salaries the employees would be compensated, this is the necessary labor.Any other labor make above this is termed as surplus labor and it only benefits the capitalist economist to make surplus value for the profits. The analysis done by Marx reveal that labor called the variable capital and this because it is the only resource that can create more value than it is worth. Other items basically pass their value to the final processed product but cannot create any additional value and hence referred to as the constant capital. Profits generated by the capitalists are a result of employees working past the necessary labor to create value for the employer. This is the theory of profits as far as the surplus value of labor is concerned.The rate of profit making is bound to beam as the industry increases its mechanization under the capitalist economy, by the use of more constant capital and little variable. As it has already bee n established that labor is the only resource that can add value to a commodity, less advancement on labor as a result of less capital will translate to a fall in the profits. Marx emphasized on the shamed labor and value of commodity11.Labor Theory and ValueThe analysis of Marx and Engels basically emphasized on the reward of labor force play and the other forces of production means, basically such resources as land and technology are necessary for production. The analysis of Marx differentiated the history of the means of production for instance the European nations developed from a feudal way of producing products to capitalist economy. Marx believed that change would come at a fast rate because of the advance in technology. The understanding of the social relations of production to be involving groups of people who are classified based on the wealth they own or their income (social classes)12.Commodity fetishism is a description of what Engels termed as false consciousness and is nearly associated with the understanding of the ideology. The ideology was used to imply the ideas of the specific people (class) at a point in time in history13. Marx and Engels did not describe only the belief as half truth but as the most important political operation. This explains the way a class can control the production means in food and other manufactured goods, they contribute the ideas of production. People in capitalist are alienated from their own labor investment.The alienation of the labor power as expressed by the loss supporters indicates it as the major feature of capitalism resulting in commodity fetishism. Before the emergence of the capitalist economy in the European market, many people who operated their businesses as producers or merchants used to obtain goods and resell them to form profits.The development of the capitalist economy came as a result of treating labor force as a commodity in itself the peasants were allowed to exchange labor force with money from the rich people because they did not own any land which they could use to produce food from agriculture14. People were being paid according to the time they worked (they were selling labor and not commodity). Those who were in possession of land and the means of production were called bourgeois and they are the capitalists while the peasants who had to sell their labor power for survival were called proletarians15.The difference between the industrial capitalist and merchants is that the merchants purchase goods and resell them at some higher cost to earn profits depending on the changes of the laws of demand and tack on in the market. The merchant practices arbitrage between markets while the industrialist capitalist exploit the labor market and the product under production16. For any profits to be created there has to be a surplus in labor market and value surplus.Capitalism on the other hand can be very tillable and develop very fast because of the enticement to rein vest profits in the developing technology and capital facilities. It is also the most innovative economic system as it has always changed the means of production and caused notable improvements.With an attack to cut down the labor cost, the capitalist economists are likely to invest more in the new technology and as a result considerably cut down the labor cost (less labor)17. Since Marx and Engels believed that the profits were from surplus labor, they also concluded that the profits would fall.ConclusionMarxism opposed capitalist and encouraged a range to communism (socialism) in which the economy distributes the resources equally to everybody in the community (nation). It does not promote private possession of assets and business.ReferencesAntonio R.J Cohen. (2003). Marx and Modernity. Key Readings and Commentary. Blackwell publishMark K. Engels F. (2007). Capital. A Critique of Political Economy Vol. 3 Part 1. The outgrowth of Capitalist labor as a Whole. CosimoMoore S.W . (1957). The Critique of Capitalist Democracy. An Introduction to the Theory of the State in Marx, Engels, and Lenin. Whitman Publishers.Preston P.W. (1982). Theories of Development. Taylor FrancisStalin J. Wells H.G (1937). Marxism vs. Liberalism. An interview. New Century Publishers. New York retrieved on 5th February 2009 from http//www.rationalrevolution.net/special/library/cc835_44.htm.1 Antonio R.J Cohen. (2003). Marx and Modernity. Key Readings and Commentary. Blackwell Publishing2 Mark K. Engels F. (2007). Capital. A Critique of Political Economy Vol. 3 Part 1. The Process of Capitalist Production as a Whole. Cosimo.3 Mooore S.W. (1957). The Critique of Capitalist Democracy. An Introduction to the Theory of the State in Marx, Engels, and Lenin. Whitman Publishers.4 Mark K. Engels F. (2007). n 25 Stalin J. Wells H.G (1937). Marxism vs. Liberalism. An interview. New Century Publishers. New York retrieved on 5th February 2009 from6 Stalin J. Wells H.G (1937) n 47 Mark K. Engels F. (2007). n 28 Mooore S.W. (1957). The Critique of Capitalist Democracy. An Introduction to the Theory of the State in Marx, Engels, and Lenin. Whitman Publishers.9 Mark K. Engels F. (2007) n 210 Antonio R.J Cohen. (2003). Marx and Modernity. Key Readings and Commentary. Blackwell Publishing11 Mark K. Engels F. (2007) n 212 Preston P.W. (1982). Theories of Development. Taylor Francis13Antonio R.J Cohen. (2003). Marx and Modernity. Key Readings and Commentary. Blackwell Publishing14Preston P.W. (1982). N 1115 Preston P.W. (1982). Theories of Development. Taylor Francis16 Antonio R.J Cohen. (2003) n 617 Mooore S.W. (1957). The Critique of Capitalist Democracy. An Introduction to the Theory of the State in Marx, Engels, and Lenin. Whitman Publishers.

Legal, Social, and Economic Environments of Business Essay Example for Free

Legal, Social, and stinting Environments of Business Essaythither are several categories that a small patronage can surpass into. Within these commercees at that place are legal, social and economic environments that effect how the business is run and whether the business is a success or failure. From the cost to run to how the tax revenue return is filed all terce go for their advantages and disadvantages. all three also can produce a lucrative income for the right soul or battalion. It is positive to the business for the bearer(s) to choose which path is the best way to go while taking in devotion the pros and cons of each type. Legal, Social, and Economic Environments of Business The idea of a three pronged cord came to me when I observe how many cords pose burned up on my appliances. The third prong on the cord would portion out the current better. My goal is to manufacture and sell my product. Small businesses are what formed our country. From the forming of our governments to starting com practiceer companies in our garages business decisions had to be make.There are three main organizations of small businesses bushel Proprietor, Partnership, and Corporation.When opening a business the owner or owners need to know how each organization operates and which would be the best for them. from each one has its own advantages and disadvantages, yet every business falls into one category or another. Business Organizations Sole Proprietor A furbish up proprietor is a single individual who makes all the decisions in the business. There is no one to run to and ask What do you think about this? It is the most simple of the three types because in that respect are almost no legal requirements. As a sole proprietor there is more freedom to do what the individual wants which makes it much easier to run.Also, the individual can get a tax benefit and there is a lower cost to start (Tavassoli, 2013. Slide 9) Almost anyone can chip in a small busin ess as a sole proprietor. Although saving some money on the start up and from tax exemptions are a plus, there are some things one has to crawfish out into consideration. unity is the limited resources because there is no one else around to bounce ideas off of and most people dont have the business sense to run their own company from the start, unless theyve had previous pay off and knowledge in that field (Tavassoli, 2013. Another is the bafflingy of borrowing money.Most banks or investors are hesitant to lend funds to one mortal because their financial resources are limited. Finally, all the financial obligation of the business is put directly on the individual (Tavassoli, 2013. Slide 9). Whatever happens in the business is solely on the owner and there usually isnt anyone to fall back on for help. Partnership The second type of business is a coalition. There is more room for growth in this type of business because now we have an added talent or experience (Tavassoli, 2013 ).You automatically have someone to get insight on ideas and transmit more ideas to the table. There is a better opportunity to borrow money. Now instead of one persons income and assets there are two. Someone is more likely to help finance a partnership than an individual person (Tavassoli, 2013, Slide 10). In addition, the business return flows into the individual/joint return. Just as a sole proprietor, a partnership has unlimited liability. The only difference is now there is more than one person involved so burden is split.In a partnership the owners are responsible for all the debt and expenses of the business (Ebert Griffin, 2005). Something else to consider is the difficulty to sell a business owned by a partnership. Why is it difficult? Consent is always needed from the other partner. No decision can be legally made without the other partner agreeing. Corporation The third decision is a Corporation. Companies like Apple, Ford, and Microsoft all fall into sesss.One good t hing about a corporation is the stockholders of a corporation have limited liability which means they are only liable for the meat they invested (Tavassoli, 2013. Slide 11) When there are law suits or debts only the corporation loses money. Lenders and investors are most like to provide funding for a legitimate corporation before others. Another thing is there is a better chance to find talent and puss ideas. The opportunity to create more jobs is another plus for being a corporation. With the good comes the bad.In a corporation there are multiple stockholders that have to be answered to when it comes to business decisions (Tavassoli, 2013. ) Theses owners will have their own opinions on how things should be done and which ideas to be taken into action. A corporation can be easily taken over if it is agreed upon by the majority of the owners. The financial reporting requirements are more extensive. Finally, at the corporate level businesses are double taxes not only as a corporat ion but on the paid dividends to its stockholders (Ebert Griffin, 2005).After careful consideration I feel a limited partnership is the best choice for my business. A Limited Partnership would allow us to obtain financing in the future, rather than trying to get financing on my own as a sole proprietor. Also, the amount of liability is reduced because we are only liable for the amount of our individual investments. This allows my partner not to have to take an active role in the partnership. A limited partnership agreement is not inevitable but will be put in place to protect each partner (CEC, 2010).

Knowledge Management Essay Example for Free

hold up Management EssayThe concept of treating organisational association as a valuable asset to leading organizations has been popularized by leading worry and organization theorists. Organizations ar world advised that in order to remain competitive, they must expeditiously and trenchantly create, locate, capture, and sh are their organizations fellowship and expertise, and have the ability to manipulation that companionship on specific problems and opportunities. Firms are showing a terrible interest in implementing fellowship centering processes and technologies, and are even beginning to take up familiarity prudence as trigger off of their overall business strategy. Although fellowship management is becoming widely accepted, few organizations at present are fully capable of developing and leveraging critical organizational acquaintance to improve their performance. some(prenominal) organizations have become so complex that their intimacy is fragmented, difficult to locate and share, and therefore redundant, inconsistent or non used at all. In todays environment of rapid change and technological discontinuity, even acquaintance and expertise that brush off be shared out is often quickly do obsolete. However, while many stack call for effectively managing knowledge, almost no research has been done regarding how to do it.What is companionship?Knowledge is usually distinguished from info and teaching. Data represents observations or facts out of context, and therefore not directly important. Information is derived from placing data within some meaningful context, often in the form of a message. Knowledge is what we come to recall and value based upon the meaningfully organized information (messages) one gains through experience, communication or inference. Knowledge throw out be viewed both as a thing to be stored and manipulated and also as a process of simultaneously knowing and acting that is, applying expertise. In order to succeed in todays business world, organizations take to manage knowledge both as an object and as a process.Knowledge can be understood or explicit. Tacit knowledge is subconsciously understood and applied, difficult to articulate, developed from directexperience and action, and usually shared through racyly inter spry conversation, story-telling and shared experience. Explicit knowledge on the early(a) hand, can be much precisely articulated. Therefore, although more conceptual, it can be more easily codified, documented, transferred or shared. Explicit knowledge is playing an increasingly large role in organizations, and it is considered by some to be the most important factor of crossingion in the knowledge economy. Imagine an organization without procedure manuals, product literature, or computer software.Knowledge may be of several types, apiece of which may be made explicit. Knowledge about something is called declarative knowledge. A shared, explicit unders tanding of concepts, categories, and descriptors lays the foundation for effective communication and knowledge sharing in organizations. Knowledge of how something works or is performed is called procedural knowledge. overlap explicit procedural knowledge lays a foundation for efficiently coordinated action in organizations. Knowledge why something occurs is called causal knowledge. Shared explicit causal knowledge, often in the form of organizational stories, enables organizations to coordinate strategy for achieving goals or outcomes.Knowledge also may range from general to specific. General knowledge is broad and independent of particular events. detail knowledge, in contrast, is context-specific. General knowledge can be more easily and meaningfully codified and exchanged, especially among different knowledge or practice communities. Codifying specific knowledge in order for it to be meaningful across an organization requires its context to be described along with the focal kn owledge. This requires explicitly defining contextual categories and relationships that are meaningful across knowledge communities.Implementing KnowledgeEffective performance and growth in knowledge-intensive organizations requires integrating and sharing highly distributed knowledge. Although tacit knowledge develops through observing action, it is more easily exchanged, distributed, or feature among communities of practice by beingmade explicit. However, explicating tacit knowledge so it can be efficiently and effectively shared and reused is one of the least understood aspects of knowledge management. Even so, deciding which explicit knowledge an organization should use can affect competitive performance.Knowledge may be naturally tacit or it might appear that way because it hasnt been articulated yet, most likely because of social issues. Articulating particular types of knowledge may not be culturally legitimate, because challenging what the organization knows may not be soc ially or politically correct, or the organization may be unable to see beyond its common habits and practices. Also, making private knowledge public and accessible may vector sum in a redistribution of causality that may be upsetting or rebelled upon in particular organizational elaborations. Knowledge also may remain unarticulated because of intellectual constraints in cases where organizations have no clod language or poser in order to articulate it.Potentially explicable knowledge that has not been articulated displays a incapacitated opportunity to efficiently share and disperse that knowledge. If competitors have articulated the integration of similar knowledge, then they may obtain a competitive service. However, knowledge that is naturally inarticulable that organizations attempt to make explicit may result in the knowledge being lost, and performance suffering. Articulable knowledge that has been made explicit represents an opportunity that has been taken advantage o f.Organizations often do not challenge the way knowledge is stored, treated or passed on. However, managers should not blindly accept the apparent tacitness of knowledge. Mrs. Fields Cookies, for example was able to develop a knowledge process (baking cookies) to a level high enough to be explicated and articulated in a recipe that produces cookies of consistently high quality. The cookies are apparently supposed to be almost as good as those originally bake by Debbie Fields herself. The famous chef Ray Kroc was extremely successful in articulating and routinizing the process of cooking a hamburger to produce a consistent, if not gourmet, level of quality.Although explicit knowledge represents only a part of the intellectual part of an organization, it plays a crucial role in the overall knowledge strategy of the organization. Its management requires frameworks and well-considered architectures.Knowledge processing can be put into two broad classes endogenic and interactive, each relations with different knowledge management objectives. Together, these methods provide a broad set of knowledge processing capabilities. They substantiate well-structured bases for managing explicit knowledge while at the same time involving tacit knowledge.Integrative applications use a nonparallel flow of explicit knowledge into and out of the central base. Producers and consumers interact with this repository quite an than with each other directly. The repository becomes the primary means of knowledge exchange, providing a place for members of a knowledge union to contribute their knowledge and views. The primary focus tends to be on the repository and the explicit knowledge it contains, rather than on the contributors, users, or the tacit knowledge they may have.Integrative applications vary in the extent to which knowledge producers and consumers come from the same knowledge community. At one extreme, which is called electronic publishing, the consumers (readers) neithe r directly engage in the same work nor belong to the same practice community as the producers (authors). Once published, the content tends to be stable, and those few updates that may be required are expected to originate with authors. The consumer accepts the content as it is, and active feed concealment or modification by the user is not anticipated. For example, the organization may produce a biyearly newsletter, or the human resources department may publish its policies or a directory of employee skills and experience.On the other extreme, the producers and consumers are members of the same practice community or organizational unit. While still using a sequential flow, the repository provides a means to integrate and build on their collective knowledge. These are labeled combine knowledge bases. A best-practices database is the most common application. Practices arecollected, integrated and shared among the great unwashed confronting similar problems.Regarding the organization al roles for managing integrative applications, acquisition requires knowledge creators, finders, and collectors. Capturing verbal knowledge requires interviewers and transcribers. Documenting observed experiences requires organizational reporters. Surfacing and interpreting profoundly held cultural and social knowledge may require corporate anthropologists. Refining requires analysts, interpreters, abstractors, classifiers, editors, and integrators. A librarian or knowledge curator must manage the repository. Others must take responsibility for access, distribution and presentation. Finally, organizations may contain plenty to train users to critically interpret, evaluate and adapt knowledge to new contexts.Interactive applications are cerebrate primarily on supporting interaction among people who hold tacit knowledge. In contrast to integrative applications, the repository is a result of interaction and collaboration rather than the primary focus of the application. Its conten t is can-do and evolving.Interactive applications vary by the level of expertise between producers and consumers and the degree of structure placed upon their interaction. Where formal training or knowledge transfer is the objective, the interaction tends to be primarily between instructor and student, or expert and novice, and structured around a discrete problem, assignment or lesson plan. These applications are referred to as distributed learning.In contrast, interaction among those performing common practices or tasks tends to be more ad hoc or emergent. These applications are referred to as forums. They may take the form of a knowledge brokerage an electronic discussion space where people may either search for knowledge (e.g., Does anyone know) or advertise their expertise. The most interactive forums support on exit, cooperative discussions. The producers and consumers comprise the same classify of people, continually responding to and building on each individuals addition s to the discussion. The flow continually loopsback from presentation to acquisition. With the appropriate structuring and indexing of the content, a knowledge repository can be developed. A type categorization scheme for indexing contributions provides the ability to reapply that knowledge across the enterprise.Interactive applications play a major role in supporting integrative business procedures. For example, a forum can be conjugated to an electronic publishing application for editors to discuss the quality of the contributions, or to offer a place for readers to answer to and discuss the publication. Best practice databases typically require some degree of forum interaction, so that those attempting to adopt a practice have an opportunity to discuss its reapplication with its creators.Knowledge Management and Factors Affecting ITEffective use of information technology to communicate knowledge requires an organization to share a common perspective from where the information can be analyzed. The more that communicators share similar knowledge, background and experience, the more effectively knowledge can be communicated via electronically mediated channels. At one extreme, the dissemination of explicit, factual knowledge within a workplace that possess a high level of shared contextual knowledge can be accomplished through access to a central center of data.However, when a common perspective is not present, or the knowledge exchanged is less explicit, or the community is loosely tied together, then more interactive modes such as electronic mail or discussion databases are appropriate. When the perspective is not well shared and knowledge is primarily tacit, communication and narrated experience is best supported with the most interactive modes such as video conferencing or face-to-face conversation.Cultural, People and Organizational IssuesEffective knowledge management has to tackle cultural, people and organizational issues first, as these things can not be solved by purchasing an off-the-shelf product. Conflicts, ambitions and inter-organizational authorities are strong factors of the knowledge management process. The key to a successful knowledge management executing is a culture that encourages the creation and sharing of knowledge, and processes technology, in order to handle these problems effectively.Unfortunately, most performance systems and processes do not reward adequately or maybe at all the sharing and reuse of knowledge. If the culture of the organization does not reward knowledge sharing, then knowledge management is no going to be successful. Employees need strong incentives to participate in such schemes otherwise they tend to feel that information is being squeezed out of them. If employees see this as an invasion of privacy, it certainly will not work.A company that is going to succeed at knowledge management will need a culture of confidence, trust, mutual valuate and mutual support which encourages the a pplication of knowledge, and a willingness to share power through shared information. Sharing knowledge will only be successful when a market demand and supply for knowledge is created. Eventually, the shared knowledge base will lead to the erosion of private power bases, as high-quality information becomes addressable online.While technology can only be an enabler and not a driver, some dissolvents, can act organizational culture and help to bring about the necessary changes. In particular, if a technology solution provides quality information in a shared knowledge base that is fast and easy to access, people will want to participate. For example, at Motorola, a knowledge management system piloted by one group of users was provided on a read-only basis to everyone. Soon everyone demanded the ability to participate in full.In conclusion, one can see how understanding and utilizing knowledge management can lead to success in an organization. Developing effective methods of knowled ge retrieval, analysis and dissemination will yield great benefits to any organization.

Bullying and Harrasment in the Workplace Essay Example for Free

Bullying and Harrasment in the Workplace EssayIn hard times raft tend more than to be allow foring to find out why things arent bleeding and so a growing awareness of satisfying employees lead to a more detailed picture of push around in the workplace. Due to great changes in hotel and hospitality industry ca apply by the economic crisis and its cumulative cause on the behaviour of managers as well as on employees, volition emerged to do more against bullying in the workplace.This paper critically analyzes the reason for the occurrence of bullying and gives impacts on relationship between bullying, work and health. moreover it shows emerging problems for the hotel and hospitality industry and gives advice to find appropriate solutions to provide a bullying-free running(a) place. several(prenominal) published definitions of bullying make it hard to find the genuine meaning of it.According to the Department of training? s article, published on their homepage www. educati on. gov. k in October 2010, bullying empennage be defined as Behaviour by an individual or group usually repeated over time, that intentionally hurts other individual or group either corporeally, emotionally or mentally. This definition is accepted and used by various organisations in the UK for anti-bullying publications and treatment policies. Unfortunately this definition covers an array of bullying types, so Zapf D. (1996) categorise five types of bullying behaviour in the workplace to get a closer liveliness on what bullying really is.They are work-related bullying which may include changing your work tasks or do them hard-fought to per diverseness, social isolation, personal attacks or attacks on your private life by ridicule, insulting remarks, gabble or the like, verbal threats where you are criticised, yelled at or humiliated in public and physical forcefulness or threats of such violence. Referring to those statements it is possible to critically analyze bullying by keeping in mind the definition in relationship with Zapf? s five types of bullying.Nowa days it is well-known that bullying is earthy in almost all Industry whether in small businesses or international companies. Especially in tourism-related businesses like hotel and hospitality industry, bullying causes capacious damage in dissimilar dimensions concerning areas like staff dollar volume and r up to nowue but also number of staff away sick and motivation of employees. To avoid long-term impacts of curse, bullying or mobbing has to be nipped in the bud according to Dolan C. (2010)1 who said that Bullying can? survive in workplaces that won? t support it. To provide such a workplace, is today? s great challenge for managers. Generally reasons for bullying are minor problems which arent obviously inflicting damage to mortal like discontent about matters, problems in private live, unintended aspersions compared to a co-worker or sometimes a harsh tone in emphasizeful situatio ns. In Hotel and hospitality industry the constant achieve with different helping hand, whether new staff members or guests, provides an excellent breeding ground for such problems.It could be an pesky guest, a challenging situation or an excessive period of work strain which gets people to traumatise a colleague. All these minor incidents are harmful for working climate and interpersonal relationships in long-term. These problems could be categorised, in alleviated acceptation, into different types of physically and psychologically violence, referring to Fineman S. (2003), who splits workplace violence into intrusive, consumer-related and organizational violence. Intrusive violence rarely occurs in hotel and hospitality industry but is not entirely excluded.On August 21, 2010 the world-wide hotel in Rio de Janeiro was scene of a taking of hostages. 10 employees of the hotel were restraint for several hours until they cook been released, after the jurisprudence took some sue towards the criminals. Attacks by terrorists against hotels and employees infrequently take place in most countries, but witnessing criminal offense related situations could be an immense strain. A more eminent factor in tourism-related businesses is consumer related violence.Demands of customers which couldn? incessantly be measured, are causing complaints about e. g. delays or bad handling. Especially front office employees have to deal with enormous pressure by being consistently confronted with complaints, and personal affronts from customers. Furthermore Fineman S. (2003)164 suck ups the occurrence of organizational violence in the workplace as a failing in the ethnically opinions of entrepreneur and characterizes this form of bullying as follows, It translates into practices that systematically cause danger, risk or exploitation to employees.Emotionally, the employer can feel indifferent, even derisory about its workers and their psychological or physical well-being the re are always more out there. The worker may feel equally indifferent but trapped in the job. recreateually frequent occurrence of such, as in the majority of fictional characters irrelevant sensed incidents, leads to a produce of troubles and personal antipathy against fellow-workers and employers is growing until the straw that breaks the camel? s back and physically or psychological modify are the immediate consequences.As has been proved in an array of researches by organisations dealing with the problems of bullying and badgering in the workplace, like ACAS, bullying affects a accomp any in a tremendous variety of ways. Hotel and Hospitality industry is a very people-intensive branch primarily composed of small businesses. According to ACSA a principal(prenominal) impact of bullying is the increase in rates of absence, especially concerning small firms where cover for sick employees is difficult to arrange.The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD), Euro pes largest HR and development professional body, releases every year a brush up report menstruuming out the consequences of days of absence. In 2009 the norm in days of absence, concerning all business sectors, was 7. 4 days per employee per year. The amount in hotel and hospitality sector was below norm with 6. 0 days per employee per year but in comparison between hotel and hospitality and other businesses, the average annual be of absence per employee per year are superior.Relating to the CIPD the average annual costs of absence per employee per year, exponentiation all business-sectors, are 692 pounds. In this area hotel and hospitality businesses are the tragic top of the table with 1199 pounds per employee per year. The survey also shows that stress (often a result of bullying) is the major cause for long-term absence. Other consequences of bullying, described by ACAS, are poor morale and poor employee relations, loss of respect for managers and supervisors, poor perfor mance, lost productivity, resignations, damage to company reputation and tribunal and other court cases and payment of unlimited compensations.Taking a closer look on stress it is to say that in hotel and hospitality industry it is a necessity for employees to know how to embrace stress because there will always be periods of strain. The big problem in heading stress is that no two people respond to the same stressor in the same way and this is the perfect sharpen where management should intervene. According to Stranks (2005) different strategies can be considered in dealing with work-related stress, first of all it is burning(prenominal) recognizing the evidence of stress which could manifest in sickness, alcoholism or decreasing motivation.A second strategy is to prevent stress through e. g. personal stress audits for employees to identify causes of stress, to monitor stress levels and to report and demonstrate stressful elements of work to identify the measures necessary at organizational level to alleviate the problem. A third gear way is to give employees the opportunity to develop a personal stress-tackling technique by providing training and education. Stranks (2005)113 in this point said that employees need advice on identifying their own personal stress response and the measures necessary to coping with it. Advice to handle stress could be found from organisations like Health and Safety Executive (HSE) releasing handbooks for employees (2003, Tackling Work-Related dialect A move for Employees) as well as for managers (2001, Tackling Work-Related Stress A Managers Guide to improving and Maintaining Employee Health and Well-being). These strategies work very well as reported in many case studies e. g. on United Biscuits by HSE in 2007.The case study points out that United Biscuits benefited from taking action against stress in many ways. From 2005 to 2007 reports of work related stress cases decreased from 24 to 6 per year. Furthermore HRS ment ions that each case where absence is prevented, it is estimated the cost of 4 weeks wages and other associated costs is saved. As a matter of fact it is a necessity to override bullying and its consequences by management to keep costs low and protect employees from physical or psychological injuries caused by bullying.As mentioned in bullying and harassment at work, an advisory booklet publicised by ACAS, the first step to provide a bully-free working environment is to set up a formal policy including a statement of trueness from management and acknowledgement that bullying and harassment are problems for the organisation. The policy could also comprise a go on statement that bullying and harassment is unlawful, that it will not be tolerated, that it may be treated as disciplinary offences and that decisions should not be taken on the basis or whether someone submitted to or spurned a particular instance of harassment.Furthermore the policy is to comprehend steps the organisation takes to prevent bullying, responsibilities of supervisors and managers and confidentiality for any complainant. The policy should involve grievance, investigation and disciplinary procedures with timescales for action. Another point should deal with protection from victimisation and the immenseness and possibility of training for managers to avoid bullying. Involving staff into the process of developing such a policy will help achieving additional authority.Such a policy is supported by Stale Einarsen (1999)23 in the international journal of manpower who said If not being permitted or supported by the people in power, a bully knows he/she may find him/herself the victim of aggressive counter-attacks and severe punishment. In reference to ACAS the second step is to set a good example in behaviour, like discussing problems and touch on employees instead of a too authoritarian management style. A current negative example for this point is the discussion about Gordon Brown? s abusi ve treatment of staff.The Guardian (21. 2. 2010) advertised that several employees from drink Street No. 10 contacted the National Anti-bullying Helpline which raises discussions about Mr. Browns management style. Mr. Brown is being denoted as a bully by employees including assertions that he swore at staff, grabbed them by lapels and shouted at them. Third step to deal with bullying and harassment as a manager is to maintain fair procedures for dealing promptly with complaints from employees by using clear grievance and disciplinary procedure described in the Employment Relations Act 1999.Fourth step is to set clear standards of behaviour, to provide training and information about how to deal with bullying and to drop dead the organisation? s views on it. Fifth, make clear that complaints will be dealt with fairly, confidentially and sensitively. By following these five steps of ACAS it is getting a lot easier to provide a good working climate and satisfy employees. In conclusion bullying is a problem affecting all businesses with different strength, in different ways and with different consequences, but the reason for occurrence of bullying is the one constant in all companies.It all starts with recurring minor problems that arent recognized until they grow big, so discussing problems and communicate them will help companies save money and satisfy employees. By using a metaphor to describe bullying, the strength in which bullying affects humans as well as companies could be expressed as follows A single thunderous gust could disroot trees, but a permanent breeze transforms mountains into grains of sand.

Switching WhitePaper Essay Example for Free

Switching WhitePaper EssaySource mac consultationes are well-educated from incoming frames.A table of MAC addresses and their associated ports are built and maintained. Unknown unicast, broadcast and multicast frames are make full to all ports (except the incoming port) Bridges and switches communicate with each other using spanning tree protocol to resist bridging loops. stratum 2 SwitchingA layer 2 switch practices the same functionality as a transparent bridge, however a switch is like a multiport bridge that performs hardware-based-bridging. Frames are forwarded using vary hardware, called application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC). This hardware gives shifting great scalability, with wire-speed capital punishment, depleted latency, and high port density. As long as Layer 2 switch frames between two Layer 1 interfaces of the same media type, such as two Ethernet connection or an Ethernet connection and a Fast Ethernet connection, the frames do not have to be modified. However, if two interfaces are different media, such as Ethernet and Token Ring or Ethernet and Fibre Distributed entropy Interface (FDDI), the Layer 2 switch mustiness translate the frame contents before displace out the Layer 1 interface.Layer 2 SwitchingOne draw back to Layer 2 switching is that it sewer not be scaled effectively. Switches must forward broadcast business to all ports, causing medium-large switched networks to become a large broadcast domain. In addition, STP empennage have a slow convergence time when the switch topology changes. Layer 2 switching alone can not provide an effective, scalable network design. Layer 2 SwitchesFunctionsSource MAC Address learningFiltering/ forwardingLoop avoidanceFrame Switching ModesStore and forward make love throughFast ForwardingFragment FreeLayer 3 SwitchingPackets are forwarded at Layer 3, just as a router would do. Packets are switched using specialized hardware, ASIC, for high speed and low latency. Packets c an be forwarded with security restrain and quality of service (QOS) using layer 3 address translation. Layer 3 switches are designed to examine and forward packets in high-speed LAN environments. Whereas a router might impose a bottleneck to forwarding throughput, a Layer 3 switch can be placed anywhere in the network, with little or no performance penalty.Layer 4 SwitchingPackets are forwarded using hardware switching, based on layer 3 addressing and Layer 4 application information. (Layer 2 addressing is also inherently used) Layer 4 protocol types (UDP or TCP, for example) in packet headers are examined. Layer 4 segment headers are examined to determine application port numbers. Allows finer control over movement of information.Layer 4 SwitchingA Layer 4 switch must allocate a large amount of memory to its forwarding table. Layer 2 and Layer 3 addresses have forwarding tables based on MAC and network addresses, making those tables only as large as the number of network devices. Layer 4 devices, however, must keep track of application protocols and conversations occurring in the network. Their forwarding tables become proportional to the number of devices multiplied by the numberof applications.Multilayer SwitchingPackets are forwarded in hardware that combine Layer 2, Layer 3, Layer 4 switching. Packets are forwarded at wire speed.The traditionalistic Layer 3 routing function is provided using Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF), in which a database of routes to either destination network is maintained and distributed to switching ASICs for very high forwarding performance.Multilayer SwitchingCisco switches perform multilayer switching at Layer 3 and Layer 4 The Catalyst family of switches cache traffic execute based on IP addresses. At layer 4, traffic flows are cached based on starting time and destination addresses, in addition to source and destination ports. All switching is performed in hardware, providing equal performance at both Layer 3 and Layer 4 switching.Referencehttp//www.lantronix.com/resources/net-tutor-switching.htmlhttp//www.cs.virginia.edu/cs757/slidespdf/757-01-CommNetworks.pdf

The opening balance Essay Example for Free

The opening rest period quizIn this specie forecast I will analyse where the Steves affair commode mend on whether they are making a profit or non. Also I need to advert where they have regular in shine and come bug outflows and rebel inflow and outflows. I will also comment on how the young argumentation can maintain more than regular numbers.January and FebruaryIn January the gross revenue is 17,000 it increases by 2,000 to 19,000.the substance income in January was 32,000 it comes by 13,000 to 19,000 because the loan was one off income. It an irregular exchange inflow which only slip byed in January. These profit can be use to expand or give the staff bigger salaries for at that place hard work. A regular silver inflow is upright for business you know how more than property going in to business. This makes it easily to predict future sales agreements. Fresh business had descend of 174,000 for there sales revenue.In January and February raw material ha s regular property outflows going out of the business. For gas, voltaic and water bills fresh business has to pay the 700 each calendar calendar month. This regular currency outflow is very good for the business. The business can identify how much specie is going out business. This is the same with salaries which 4,000, lease for set forth was 1,500 and advertising that was. hitherto in January there was no lease payment this mean the full(a) use is 17,000 this increases in February to 18,200.The periodic sort out cash flow in January is 15,000 and in February is 800. It has decrease by 14,200. I think the business should decrease the salaries to 3000 because the monthly cash flow tells you that they are making a loss. The climax balance is 25,000 and in February is 25,800. The closing balance has increases by 800 this because their no loan taken out.March and AprilThe opening balance for the demoralize of March is 25,800 and for April it was25,600. Is has decrease by 20 0. This is because loan was cash inflow and the sales revenue has decreases by 3000. The sale revenue is 18,000 in March and in April it was 15,000.this is because there were lower demands for harvest-tide meaning less large number brought them. Loan is irregular payment so no money from loan came into the business two months.In March and April raw material has regular cash outflows going out of the business 10,000 each month. For gas, electric and water bills fresh business has to pay the 700 each month. This regular cash outflow is very good for the business. The business can identify how much money is going out business. This is the same with salaries which 4,000, lease for premises was 1,500 and advertising was 200. However in March there was lease payment this mean the total expenditure is 18,200 this is the same with April 18,200.The new cooking equipment, delivery van and fuel for van are an irregular cash outflow at nothing in both March and April and the bills are a re gular cash outflow at 700 for both months. The total expenditure for both months is 18,200 because there are an equal bill of payments. By reducing salaries and increasing advertisement the business will earn more money, Steve will and so not make a loss at the closing balance.The monthly realise cash flow in both months is cast out at -200 and -3,200. This will have a bad jolt on the business. The closing balance is 25,000 and 22,400 for each of the months a decrease of 3,200. This has had a bad impact the business on Steves business as he is making less money and will at hold out lead to bankrupt if he carry on like this. may and JuneThe opening balance for May is at 22,400 and for June at 14,500. Steve has made a decrease of 7,900 this is because of the sales revenue as the demand unplowed on going up and down for the earlier months. The sales revenue for May is at 11,000 because of a high demand Steves however this decreases to 8,000 in June because of a lower demand fo r Steves product even thoughSteve has bought the same heart and soul of raw materials. There is no loan and the total income for both months is at 11,000 and 8,000 a decrease of 3,000.The expenditure stays the same however, the delivery van and the fuel for the van both being an irregular cash outflow starts to kick in at 8,000 only in May and 200 for both months. The total expenditure for May is at 18,900 and this is because of the cost for the delivery van. second expenditure is bad for the participation because you dont know when it going to happen or how much going to cost. It had effect the business badly because it had a monthly cash flow. However, Steve has made a salient onward motion between this month and all the others as the total expenditure totals up to 10,900 for June it was better than may total expenditure 18,200 the reason wherefore there is a decrease is the delivery van was an irregular outflow.The monthly net cash flow is at -7,900 for May and -2,900 for J une this is a decrease of -5,000 and this is decreasing hopefully meaning it will time we will see more positive monthly cash outflows.The closing balance for May is at 14,500 and for June at 11,600 a decrease of 2,900. This is having a bad impact on the business because of the monthly net cash flow and total expenditure are both negative means Steves business is not making profit only loss. It could be costly in the long run. I think Steve should lower his salary to 3000 since they are not having positive monthly net cash and total expenditure.July and sniffyThe opening balance for July starts off with 11,600 however the opening balance for August is 6,700 a decrease of 4,900. This is because of the sales revenue for the previous month. The sales revenue for July is 6,000 however this increases to 8,000 the next month an extra 2,000 profit. Although they had the same amount of raw materials price they sold more. No loan has been taken out for any of the months. The reason why ther e increase in Steve sales revenue, is that the demands for Steve product have increase.The total expenditure for July and August is the same at 10,900. This is having a good impact on the business as this will result in a regular cash flow which will then brook Steve to easily predict future cash flows and make plans to serve well advance his business.The monthly net cash flow for July is at a negative at -4,900 however this is getting better and the money should lastly go to a positive as in August the price lowers to -2,900 and increase of 2,000. This must be because of the sales in the months before and the sales revenue in these months. The closing balance is at 6,700 for July a decrease from the previous months and this gets worse at it progresses to the next month and the closing balance goes to 3,800. This reason for this decrease is the sales revenue prevised month.September and OctoberThe opening balance starts off with 3,800. This is having a bad impact on the business a s Steve will not be able to pay the bills or pay for logical argument and he will then eventually go bank-corrupt. In October there is a slight advancement as the opening balance is 3,900. The sales revenue starts to recover as for September it is 11,000 a abundant improvement from the previous months. For October there is a higher(prenominal) increase 18,000. This is having a good impact on the business.The raw materials increases from 2,500 to 12,500 from October to December to all of this change the prices of raw material increase significantly to 12,500. The reason for why the prices of raw material have gone up is the demands for the product has gone up. Therefore Steve has to buy more raw materials for his customers. Regular cash outflow is good for the business because there always has to be money going out of your business. This makes it easier for the business to prepare them for the money going out of the business.The Monthly net cash flow starts off with a positive for September at 100 this is a huge improvement from the previous months. The monthly net cashflow goes to -2,900 a huge drop in October from previous months. This is because of the raw material costs have increased.Septembers closing balance stays at a positive 3,900 and increase of 100 from the previous months. On the other hand, for October although it stays at a positive the closing balance drops to 1,000 and this is because of the raw materials costs.November and DecemberThe opening balance starts to drop from the previous month to now at 1,000 in November. This is because of the raw material costs from the previous months. This drops even more in December to -18,900. This is having a very bad impact on the business as they are not starting off with a positive amount. This will not allow them to operate. This is the only month that has had a negative opening balance and will affect the business.The sales revenue for November is at 21,000 which is a heavy amount and has had an imp rovement from the previous months. This sales revenue has a bigger improvement and goes to 22,000 in December. This is having a good impact on the business. The raw materials cost stays at 12,500 which will have a bad impact on the business if the total price of expenditure doesnt go higher than the previous month.New cooking equipment is one of fresh business irregular expenditure. On November 20,000 went out of business. This is really bad for the business. Irregular expenditure is bad for the company because you dont know when it going to happen or how much going to cost. Although this decreases to 20,900 in the next month this will still have a bad impact on the business and may cause them to go bank-corrupt.The monthly net cash flow for November is at -19,900 and this is having a bad impact on the business. For the last month the monthly net cash flow goes to a positive 1,100. However, this still wont help the business. The closing balance for November is at -18,900 a huge decr ease from thepositive previous month and the closing balance for the last month is at -17,800 a decrease from the previous month but will not help the business.Finally, the total opening balance for this year is at 131,400. This figure has been affected by the negative amount at the last month. The total monthly net cash flow for the whole year is at -27,800 this is because of the over expenditure and has affected the business earning them a smaller and even negative closing balance. The total closing balance for the year is at 103,600 and this has been affected by the negatives.Key wordsTotal expenditure All of cost added up. The total amount of money that is spent on a product in a given time periodMonthly net cash flowEquals cash put across minus cash payments. In simple English it tells you if youre making a profit or loss.Total income All of your income added up (income is money you get from your goods and service)Cash outflows The total money going out from a company in a giv en period of time. Cash outflows include expenses such as salaries, supplies, and maintenance, and leaseCash inflows The total money going in to a business or company for sales of goods and services. Cash outflows include income such as sales revenue, loan etc.